Loyalty And Friendship In Odyssey - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 791 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Odyssey Essay Did you like this example? Being alone is never a desirable feeling, Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light (Helen Keller). Friends by your side can bring you to accomplish many great things in life and Odysseus, an eminent king in The Odyssey knows this no less. The Odyssey is an Ancient Greek epic composed by a blind poet by the name of Homer about the journey home of a renowned king whom has been absent for two decades at his throne: Odysseus, returning to his native land of Ithaca several kilometers by ship from the emasculative hardships of the Trojan War. While most definitely a quite unfavorable trek to undertake alone, alongside him are his loyal crewmen every hardship and tribulation of the journey to their beloved homeland. Odysseus, the renowned sovereign of Ithaca himself according to the epic was inherently unimpressed by his crewmates often insubordinate nature and overall poor sense of judgement, but then the question simply arises, were Odysseus men as mutinous as he gives them the impression of being, or was the influential king of Ithaca fallacious on his evaluation of his crews performa nce? Despite their frequent defiance of orders throughout the story as referenced in several instances, Odysseus men still maintain their grave loyalty to their noble king on their own unsuccessful journey home. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Loyalty And Friendship In Odyssey" essay for you Create order In order to grasp a well documented understanding of the curious nature of Odysseus squadron, it can be essentially verified by their actions throughout various events throughout the story that they were all frequently subjected on several different occasions to sacrificing their very own lives simply because of the demands required to fulfill Odysseus cleverly crafted commands. Book 9 has a significant representation of these instances: the ruthless brute. Lurching up, he lunged out with his hands toward my men and snatching two at once, rapping them on the ground he knocked them dead like pups their brains gushed out all over, soaked the floor and ripping them limb from limb to fix his meal he bolted them down like a mountain-lion, left no scrap, devoured entrails, flesh and bones, marrow and all! (Homer 145) This sinisterly visual event in the story provides a substantial perspective of merely one occasion of the fatal duties Odysseus men had to accept as a soldier under his comma nd, staying loyal only to his word in spite of their own lives at stake. However, in retrospect, Odysseus crewmen were additionally responsible for suspending their chance at arriving home after years at sea, essentially ruining their one chance at returning to Ithaca alive. Book 10 of the Greek epic states this tragic instance clearly: Hurry, lets see what loot is in that sack, how much gold and silver. Break it open now! A fatal plan, but it won my shipmates over. They loosed the sack and all the winds burst out and a sudden squall struck and swept us back to sea, wailing, in tears, far from our own native land. (Homer 157) This event in the story has the purpose of representing the lust for riches and greed that Odysseus men decided to allow best them over the superior commands of their king, weaving their own fate in the end by essentially not allowing themselves to return home with their noble sovereign of their native land. Additionally, Odysseus men determined their own fate on Helios island housing his godly pride of cattle, which they were absolutely intent on hunting for food despite the warning commands of Odysseus of the deadly wrath of the gods that would inevitably follow after such a deed. Book 12 of the story represents this event, also occurring during the slumber of Odysseus:it states: Helios burst out in rage to all the immortals: Father Zeus! the rest of you blissful gods who never die punish them all, that crew of Laertes son Odysseus what an outrage! They, they killed my cattle, This action taken by Odysseus men caused their own fate because with Helios prideful cattle murdered, the sun god pleaded for vengeance causing Zeus to strike their vessel with a mighty lightning bolt tearing it to shreds and killing everyone on board other than Odysseus, forever ruining their chance at returning to Ithaca. With our perspective on the storys various events involving Odysseus men, it can be fairly judicious to conclude that his men were equally mutinous as they were loyal to his command. So despite the harsh criticism Odysseus invests in his crewmen, the journey home without them would not have been possible without his crew whether or not his men were insubordinate to various commands. It essentially goes to show the most impressive things in life arent accomplished alone, rather, by the cooperation and determination of a group.

Essay about Science and Realism - 933 Words

Science and Realism In the course of this semester, we have read a number of stories that have one common element: science. In most of the stories, the science was hypothetical, but accurate, for the time and usually played an important part in the story. Today we know that most of these ideas range from simply being wrong to flat out impossible. When I say science I am referring to the sciences that are of a physical nature such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Psychology is also a science, but one of a mental nature. The few books that we had that dealt mainly with psychology will not be dealt with in this paper. The first book from the semester was Mary Shelly s Frankenstein. In the story, Victor Frankenstein builds a body†¦show more content†¦If such creatures to be brought into existence today, their construction would have to begin on the genetic level. As of this time, I dont believe that we have the technology to create such creatures. The third story of the semester was Robert Louis Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. This story involved a chemically induced physical transformation. Acid could be said to have the same effect of course, but this transformation involved the restructuring of Dr. Jekyll s entire body such that he was shorter, stronger, and more gnarled looking. As with The Island of Dr. Moreau, we know today that for such a transformation would need to be induced at the genetic level. At the time in which this story was set, the knowledge, much less the technology, did not exist for such a thing to be done. The next science related book that we read in the class was The Science Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. This book was an insult to the genre. The first two stories we were subjected to involved whirlpools. While they are interesting phenomena, whirlpools do not qualify as science fiction. The Unparalleled Adventures of One Hans Pfaal is one of the few stories with anything resembling science. The ideas Hans has about flying a hot air balloon are at least vaguely scientific. After Hans Pfaal, the next story was The Balloon-Hoax. This was the only other vaguely scientific story by Poe. AfterShow MoreRelatedRealism And Its Impact On The Mind Independent Existence Of The World935 Words   |  4 PagesTraditionally, realism is associated with any position that endorses belief in the reality of something. Thus, one might be a realist about one s perceptions of tables and chairs (sense datum realism), about tables and chairs themselves (external world realism), or about mathematical entities s uch as numbers and sets (mathematical realism), and so forth. Scientific realism is a realism about whatever is depicted by our best scientific theories—from this point forward, ‘realism’ here denotes scientificRead MoreAnalysis Of Imre Lakatos s Concept Of Research Programme And The Protective Belt904 Words   |  4 PagesImre Lakatos was a 20th century philosopher of mathematics and science, who introduced the concepts of research programme and the protective belt. It is evident that Lakatos’ ideas stem from two other philosophers of science discussed in class. The first being Karl Popper, and his concept of falsificationism. Popper suggested theories cannot be proven, but, rather, falsified. After putting a theory under experimentation, if you observe results that conflict with the claim or hypothesis, then theRead MoreRealism And Its Impact On The Mind Independent Existence Of The World917 Words   |  4 PagesTraditionally, realism generally is asso ciated with any position that endorses belief in the reality of something. Thus, one might be a realist about one s perceptions of tables and chairs (sense datum realism), or about tables and chairs themselves (external world realism), or about mathematical entities such as numbers and sets (mathematical realism), and so forth. Scientific realism is a realism about whatever is described by our best scientific theories—from this point forward, ‘realism’ here denotesRead MoreProject Is Focussed On The Exploitation Of Alm1651 Words   |  7 Pagesthat critical realism has been identified as an appropriate philosophical approach for this research, but what is critical realism? Critical realism has been formed out of frustration with positivism and constructivism and the associated limitations of the two concepts. Founded by Bhaskar through a combination of transcendental realism (Bhaskar, 1975) and critical naturalism (Bhaskar, 1998), critical realism provides an interface between the two predominant approaches within the sciences. 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Magical Realism is even rivaling some of the great masterpieces of modern and past literature. Someday Magical Realism will be recognized and respected just as the classics are today. Magical Realism supposedly began in 1935 with its goldenRead MoreRealists Vs. Scientific Theory930 Words   |  4 Pagessuccess of science. This requires that there be a reasonable inference from a scientific theory s success to its approximate truth. The argument that realists are trying to make is that the best explanation of a scientific theory s success is that it is true. Larry Laudan refutes the realists argument from the success of science. To do this, he characterize his opposition as Convergent Epistemological Realism. Convergent realism is a theory about the nature and history of science. Laudan identifiesRead MorePhilosophy Of Science By Samir Okasha1296 Words   |  6 PagesSummary: Philosophy of Science by Samir Okasha is trying to answer the infamous question, what is science? 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His Ph.D. on the electromagnetic theory of J.CRead MoreMiddlesex By Jeffery Eugenides Tell The Story Of Cal And1343 Words   |  6 PagesThrough this story Eugenides implements science in order to inform the readers what made Cal what he is. Science adds a shroud of realism to hide that the story is nonfiction. Eugenides adds more complexity to his work by arguing the relevance of science in the modern world. He doesn’t endorse science completely because he also critiques science for its lack of compassion when it comes to treating people with unfortunate genetic mutations such as Cal. Science in fiction can emphasize topics such as

The Effects of Bullying Essay - 1606 Words

The dictionary definition of bullying is, â€Å"a person who is habitually cruel or overbearing, especially to smaller or weaker people†(Bullying) . To many, it is more than a definition in a dictionary, it is a lifestyle. Unfortunately, an opposite lifestyle is lived by more than seventy-five percent of students across the country, the life of being bullied. Hundreds and thousands of children dread opening their computer or going to school because they know what awaits them. Cruel comments, physical harm, and humiliation. Bullies are able to use many tactics to push their victims past the breaking point. They will use the victims social status and deviance, to label them and disconnect them from their in-groups until it seems like they†¦show more content†¦(Pearce, A.7) Sociologist ask many questions that could hold the answer to how a society can put an end to bullying and it’s harmful effects. One of the five basic questions of sociology is the following, how do groups influence individual human behavior? Taking a look at this question, one can see how this can pertain directly to bullying and suicide. Social groups can have a great influence on an individual’s behavior, especially for young people. Everyone wants to feel a sense of belonging and to feel like they are a part of something bigger than themselves. A social Group involves some type of interaction, a sense of belonging, of membership, shared interests or agreement on values, norms, and goals. Throughout a persons young life, they will be involved with several social groups. Some will be in-groups, which are social groups that people feel a sense of belonging, share a consciousness of kind, share a common fate, adhere to a common ideology, or come from a common background . 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Prevalent issues in victims include higher chances of mentalRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Bullying1297 Words   |  6 Pages10/23/15 Causes and Effects of Bullying Bullying is a big issue that spreads through the world. It can happen to anyone of all ages, and in numerous ways. Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among people that involves a real or perceived power imbalance that either repeats or has the potential to repeat, overtime (Bullying Definition). There are so many factors that tie into bullying such as, why the bully is actually bullying, why the bully chose that victim, or even the effects that occur while

Introduction to Marketing Power of Customers

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Marketing for the Power of Customers. Answer: Introduction The marketing plan of a company focuses on increased brand image as well as reinforcement of the product in the mind of the customers. It is formulated to boost the levels of sales of a certain range of product of a company. However, in this study, marketing plan of 3M gloves will be discussed in a detailed manner. In the gloves range of 3M, Refinishing Gloves are selected for re-launch in the Australian market. 3M has huge varieties of products with a high brand reputation all over the world. The company is known for its quality and innovation in the market. 3M sells more than 4000 products in different countries of the world. The report will formulate a marketing plan for the re-launch of Refinishing Gloves in the market of Australia. It is found that the Refinishing gloves do not have popularity compared to same products of the competitors. The new plan will cover many aspects such as SWOT Analysis, micro, macro and internal environment analysis along with a detailed description o f the marketing plan. Apart from that, the new marketing plan will be formulated in an innovative way so that it can accomplish the marketing goals and objectives of the product at the strategic level. The target market chosen for formulating the marketing plan for is Australia. Situational Analysis Macro Environment Analysis Macro Environment Analysis for 3M Refinishing Gloves illustrates PESTEL Analysis. Political factors: Politically Australia is safe in nature. The multinational companies are investing in Australian subcontinent. The adaptability of the country to tackle the tough economic conditions is ranked first globally. The high rate of transparency and efficiency is maintained affecting business operations. Economic factors: GDP and per capita income of Australia is very high. Australia ranks the second position regarding average wealth. Switzerland holds the first position with the high market economy. Hence, it can be said that it is a wealthy country. 3M has the massive scope of re-launching its Refinishing gloves in the Australian market as the country is witnessing high economic growth last year (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). Social factors: As it is earlier mentioned that Australia is a wealthy country, people spend more for buying their necessary things. Social factors include culture, nature of the population of Australia. This environment is beneficial for the company for increasing the revenue by a substantial amount of sales of the Refinishing gloves. Technological factors: Australia is very developed regarding technical dimensions. The country has many companies in IT sector that have introduced many technical systems that improved the technical dearth in the nation. 3M can take this as an advantage in expanding its business operations all over Australia. These technologies will help in manufacturing and distribution of the products in the market (Zeriti et al. 2014). Environmental factors: Change in weather conditions, climate, and temperature, includes the environmental factors. Apart from that, pollution and global warming is a burning issue that can affect the productivity of 3M in their facility plants. However, there are many environmental protection acts that can create a positive impact on the profitability of the Refinishing Gloves of 3M (Ryan 2014). Legal factors: Trade laws and other tax laws are for the foreign companies. The government of Australia has given much leverage to the multinational corporations that have helped them in flourishing their trade across different parts of Australia. However, laws and regulations in certain circumstances can create an impact on the spending nature and buy behavior of Australian consumers. Laws of age discrimination and disability discrimination somehow create a negative impact on the business operations of 3M (Armstrong et al. 2014). Micro Environment Analysis The microenvironment of 3M Refinishing Gloves refers to customers, banks, people, suppliers, competitors, employees, distributors, media and trade unions. Trade unions of 3M have a dominant role in the manufacturing facility of 3M Refinishing gloves. Customers include the target customers for the specific product of the company. People include external public of Australia. It is the responsibility of the company to maintain a good reputation among the public of the country. The needs and demands of the public should be satisfied by Refinishing Gloves of 3M (Kotler et al. 2015). Quality and innovative products delivery to the customers is the main responsibility of the company towards its clients. Suppliers are vital for any business to run. The providers are responsible for the supply of raw materials to the facility site of the gloves of 3M. Banks are the financial institutions that help in financing the business of the company. The suppliers-company relation must be good so that th e productivity will be increased. It is the responsibility of the gloves division of 3M for giving privileges to the suppliers and distributors so that they remain loyal to the company (Warren 2015). Apart from that, competitors play a vital role in developing an effective marketing plan for the selected products. Media partners, in this case, play a critical role that helps in the promotion of the product in the Australian market. The company must select good media partners that are responsible for the promotion of the Refinishing gloves among the target market. Internal Environment Analysis Internal environment analysis includes Mc Kinseys 7S model. Strategy: It can be divided into long term and short term strategy. However, the marketing plan of 3M refinishing gloves is short term in nature. Structure: Structure describes the organization chart of the company. 3M has the clean structure of reporting to the immediate supervisors. The marketing department can report to the strategic team or the senior management if any changes are required in the re-launching plan of the product in the market (Gonzalez-Padron et al. 2016). Style: It refers to the leadership style followed by the leaders within the company. The enterprise is known for its famous leaders that manage its innovation. Leaders of the business, especially in the marketing team, will follow participative leadership so that everybody can take part in formulating the plan for re-launch of the product in the Australian market. Staff: The employees of the marketing team along with the other department are competent enough for the formulation of the marketing plan. 3M is a global company with a high brand reputation (Chernev 2015). Systems: The business processes included in the enterprise are termed as systems that are responsible for effective performance in the workplace. Skills: It includes various technical, interpersonal, management, leadership and intrapersonal skills that will help in driving the team towards better productivity. Shared Values: It refers to the values of the company that must be incorporated among the employees of the company (Berman 2016). SWOT Analysis Strengths: Employee base of 3M is very strong. The diversified products of the company serve in many countries around the world. The refinishing glove of 3M has the strong financial condition. Apart from that, the strong brand image is one of the most strength of the company which will help in a boost of the sales of the gloves. Weaknesses: Environmental and litigations issues of the company are responsible for the ill brand image and profitability of 3M refinishing gloves. 3M is the market leader in its domain. Wrong steps in the marketing approach would diminish the reputation of the brand (Crespy and Miller 2015). Opportunities: The market of Australia is economically very stable. Effective marketing strategies will help in attracting more customers towards the product. The global image of the company will assist in strengthening the brand of the refinishing gloves. The innovative product will indeed hit the market. Threats: The competitors of the company are considered as a threat to the enterprise in the market. It can cause a loss of the market share in Australia. Price sensitive customers may switch the brand if the competitors provide better facilities at a low price. Strategic marketing plan Marketing Goals The objective of the marketing plan is to perform all the activities within a stipulated budget. Proper time and budget allocation is the primary key to success of the plan formulated for the refinishing gloves of 3M. It is seen that the previous marketing plan of the product is not effective. The brand awareness of the product is very little. The pricing strategy of the product is premium pricing which should be incorporated in the re-launch plan of the refinishing gloves of 3M in the market. The strategic goals include profit, price, sales, brand awareness, and product objectives. Added benefits are included in the section of product objectives that will help in increasing the demand for the product among the target market (S. Whalen and M. Boush 2014). The refinishing gloves do not belong to niche category like the other products of 3M. Hence, the company has to introduce various traditional methods of advertisement techniques in the goal setting aspect of the marketing plan. Howe ver, it is the responsibility of the marketers of the product to convey the goals and objectives of the plan to the people associated with the plan for gaining insight into the effectiveness of it in the long run. Marketing Mix Product: Refinishing Gloves is the product that is selected for formulating the marketing plan. This is a unique commercial product that is very beneficial for the customers of Australia. The gloves will protect the hands of the user from stains and polishes. It will offer reliable and comfortable protection at the time of refinishing the surfaces of furniture. The added benefits that are provided with the product as the product objectives are flocked cotton lining, puncture resistant and textured palm regarding gripping purpose. Customers can avail many benefits if they use it properly (Tugut et al. 2015). Price: Premium pricing is the universal pricing strategy that is adopted by 3M throughout their all product categories. Customers are willing to pay premium charges for their products due to the high brand reputation in the market. Premium decoy pricing can be done in this case to collect revenue from other categories of gloves of 3M. It is the best pricing strategy for re-launch of a product (Paliwoda and Thomas 2013). Place: Re-launching of the product will be commenced in shopping malls, trade fairs, retail shops, company-owned stores of 3M, etc. Marketing of the gloves in these areas will attract a huge customer base. It would result in an increase in sales. The enterprise has to maintain a good relationship with the suppliers and distributors that help in the smooth flow of products in the retail outlets (Hsu et al. 2016). Promotion: It is the most vital part of the re-launch of refinishing gloves as the previous marketing plan did not provide desirable results. This time, the company has to focus on the promotion of the gloves. 3M is known for its low traditional development of its products. The budget that is allocated for the whole marketing plan should be utilized maximum in the promotional activities of the refinishing gloves. The traditional channels of advertisement include print ads, radio promotion, newspaper ads, television, etc. Apart from these, the company also focuses on different online media marketing channels for tapping more customer segments regarding the re-launch of the refinishing gloves of 3M (Pearson 2013). However, in-store promotions such as point of purchase, point of sales, offers, discounts should be done in the preliminary stage to drag the attention of the shoppers towards the product i.e. refinishing gloves. Conclusion The study illustrates a detailed description of the marketing of an existing product of 3M i.e. refinishing gloves. There are many other types of gloves that the company is manufacturing. This product needs re-launch in the Australian market. A marketing plan along with situational analysis is provided in the report. It will help the marketer to commence the marketing mix for the gloves in an efficient manner. The marketing department will utilize the budget that is allocated by the strategic management department of the company so that the product can enjoy the successful high brand image. The product on successful marketing campaign will have increased sales. It would lead to improved productivity. Refinishing Gloves of 3M will be able to earn a good brand image in the Australian market. References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., and Kotler, P., 2014. Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Berman, B., 2016. Referral Marketing: Harnessing the power of your customers. Business Horizons,59(1), pp.19-28. Chernev, A., 2015.The marketing plan handbook. Cerebellum Press. Crispy, C.T. and Miller, V.V., 2015. Toward a Taxonomy of Marketing Strategies: Issues and Evidence. In Proceedings of the 1985 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 261-265). Springer International Publishing. Gonzalez-Padron, T.L., Hult, G.T.M. and Ferrell, O.C., 2016. A Stakeholder Marketing Approach to Sustainable Business.Marketing in and for a Sustainable Society (Review of Marketing Research, Volume 13) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,13, pp.61-101. Hsu, L., Fournier, S. and Srinivasan, S., 2016. Brand architecture strategy and substantial value: how leveraging, separating and distancing the corporate brand affects risk and returns. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,44(2), pp.261-280. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015.Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M., 2013.International marketing. Routledge. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014.Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Pearson, D., 2013.The 20 Ps of Marketing: A complete guide to marketing strategy. Kogan Page Publishers. Ryan, D., 2014.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Whalen, P. and M. Boush, D., 2014. Why, how and to what effect do firms deviate from their intended marketing plans? Towards a taxonomy of post plan improvisations.European Journal of Marketing,48(3/4), pp.453-476. Tugut, M., Arnold, M.J. and Carlson, B.D., 2015. Consumer Choice Between Hedonic and Utilitarian Recovery Options in Service Failures: A Mood Regulation Perspective. InThe Sustainable Global Marketplace(pp. 426-426). Springer International Publishing. Warren, H.B., 2015. 3M: A Critical Thinking Tool for Multicultural Marketers. InProceedings of the 1998 Multicultural Marketing Conference(pp. 348-353). Springer International Publishing. Zeriti, A., Robson, M.J., Spyropoulou, S. and Leonidou, C.N., 2014. Sustainable export marketing strategy fit and performance.Journal of International Marketing,22(4), pp.44-66.

Appeasement. Appeasement Is A Conciliatory Action Taken Towards The Ag

Appeasement. Appeasement is a conciliatory action taken towards the aggressor by giving what was asked. Many examples of this often cowardly action can seen through the course of history, such as the case of Alexander II when he passed the Emancipation Act in order to prevent peasant rebellion. Such was also the case in the gathering storm of World War II. The earliest sign of appeasement was seen in 1935, when Great Britain signed the Anglo-German Naval agreement. Great Britain simply allowed Germany to rebuild its navy in order to prevent any conflicts. This led to the breaking up of Stresa Front, a coalition made by the Allies against Germanys rearmament. As some others see it, the reoccupation of the Rhineland was the first appeasement made by Great Britain. At first the alarmed French proposed sanction but Great Britain declined, feeling that any minor conflict with the Germans could lead in another World War. Great Britains attitude led to a further breakdown of Stresa Front, and Hitler started to take a low view of the Allied solidarity. During the Spanish Civil War, Britain and France were again seen to have appeased the Axis Power. As democratic nations, the two allies had a duty to support the republican government by providing arms, but they felt that any action against the will of Italy would further separate them from Italy. The Allies proposed non-intervention, which annoyed the two Axis nations anyway. Through this the Allies had lost their greatest security to a Fascist nation. The Anschluss of 1936 was also accepted by Great Britain and France, and Hitler had become more confident. The final appeasement made by the Allies was in 1938-39, during the Czechoslovakian crisis. Hitler had demanded that the Sudetenland be given self- determination as part of Germany. Immediately Great Britain and France searched for a way to make a peaceful agreement, even at the expense of another democratic nation. Without even discussing with Czechoslovakians, Britains Prime Minister Chamberlain flew to Berchtesgarten with an agreement that would give Germany the right to only occupy parts of the Sudetenland. Berchtesgarten was a place where Hitler stayed during vacation time, and this made Hitler feel that he could ask for more, because Chamberlain must have been desperate for peace to fly all the way out to Germany for a discussion. Hitler declined and they met again at Bad Godesberg. Again Hitler declined and the Munich Conference was held. In this conference, Germany was given all the land she wanted. Great Britain and France had given up the Sudetenland without even discussing the issue with the Czechoslovakians. One positive result came out of this agreement. It was that by this time, it was difficult to pretend any longer that Hitler was interested in only reasonable demands. But this realization by the British was too late, as France and she had lost an ally who could have created a second front in a war against Germany. Russia became skeptical of the Allies trustworthiness and signed with Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939 to divide Poland between them. Seeing the Germans accomplish their fight for self-determination, Polish, Hungarians and other nations split up the remaining part of Czechoslovakia and by doing so, made it easier for Hitler to conquer them. Without doubt, appeasement has played a major role in encouraging Hitler to pursue his ultimate goals. If Great Britain and France had taken more aggressive actions towards Hitlers demands, perhaps Germany would have been stopped before becoming such an imperial nation. Also, during the first few aggressions, Germanys army was not even close to being as powerful as Hitler always presented it to be so he would have been fairly easily defeated. However, from another perspective, if the Allies had taken more aggressive actions towards Germany, more blood might have been shed through a myriad of wars.

The U.S. Intellectual History Essay Sample

The U.S. Intellectual History Essay Sample The American Intellectual History Since 1877 Essay Sample The American Intellectual History Since 1877 Essay Sample American Thought Donald Richard DeLillo is a famous American author; he wrote sixteen novels and many other writings about the problems in the modern life of the American society. At the age of forty-nine, the writer finished his famous book White Noise, which forced the global society to recognize him as one of the famous world’s writers. In 1985, it brought him the National Book Award. Moreover, Don DeLillo became twice a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and won multiple National awards for his literary works. In the novel White Noise, the writer describes a common American family, its life in the modern society and problems, which it has to solve. All thoughts, actions, and deeds of a human being connect the past with the present, but the fear of death makes people commit errors. In the modern epoch, Americans have changed their views on the superheroes; they have to live, fight for life, and survive without any ideological ideals. The problem is what one will leave behind him or her after the death. The novel White Noise is dedicated to the existence of a human being in the modern world and relations between an individual and the society, in which any superhero is a fiction. Thus, the author compares the world to a wagon, in which people as students travel the life. They solve their problems and have different worldviews and interests, but their point of destination is death irrespective of their hopes and desires. Everybody knows it and does not want to die. The fear of death made Babette, the wife of the main character, Professor Jack Gladney, take drugs, which destroyed her psychic health. Professor Gladney gave lessons of Hitler at the university because he believed that the dictator’s theory could save a crowd from the fear of death, â€Å"Crowds came to form a shield†¦ to become a crowd is to keep out death† (DeLillo, 2012, p. 88). Thus, Hitler became his idol, and even one of his colleagues, Murray J. Siskind, wanted to adopt the experience of Gladney f or studying Elvis Presley. In fact, Gladney described Hitler as an ordinary person, who managed to become a strong personality. In the modern life, the American society turned into the nation of consumers having neither leaders nor dictators. As Gladney considered, the society needed a powerful hand for the further development. He said it to his students. At the same time, his kids existed in their world without his direct control. Of course, the man lived in the past in his thoughts and could not see the present. Thus, only his daughter discovered that Babette took drugs. It was a real tragedy for Professor. Both he and his wife, Babette, were afraid of death when they got to know that they could die of a toxic substance of Nyodene Din in the blood. Hazardous environment and illness of the wife brought Gadley to his end. Consequently, he decided to kill a man, who gave drugs to Babette. The crucial moment emerged when Gadley, who was afraid of death, was killing Gray. Fear, rage, evil, and suffering turned the man to a criminal, even though, it was an unsuccessful attempt. In the result, injured Gadley broug ht injured Gray to the hospital. Professor experienced what human beings felt when killing each other. He saw how Gray was dying after his shot. Of course, it was a shock to him. At the same time, Gadley experienced a similar feeling what Gray did when Gray injured him. Of course, the man’s decision to save the life of his victim changed his vision of how an avenger should act. Nevertheless, nobody knew what both men felt being near their ends. The situation mentioned above resembles actions of the United States after the World War II when it gave financial credits to Germany and Japan for rebuilding their economies. Therefore, in the modern epoch, Americans have changed their views on superheroes; they have to live, fight for life, and survive without any ideological ideals. The problem is what one will leave behind him or her after the death. In the novel White Noise, Don DeLillo described the contemporary society of the United States with its problems and happy times on the example of Professor Jack Gadley’s family. While studying Hitler’s ideology, the man could not see all the problems, which emerged in his family. His children lived in their world; his wife became drug addicted, and his life turned into a pointless existence. By committing a crime, Gadley helped his victim. He exercised generosity, which was one of the major features of the American people’s national character. Historical and Intellectual Contexts of the Works of Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, and SDS. â€Å"Letters from a Birmingham Jail† A great American human rights fighter, Martin Luther King, was a leader of the whole Human Rights Movement. His father gave him the best education he could, and in 1955, Martin Luther King got the Ph.D. degree after finishing his education at the Boston University. Being a Christian minister, Martin Luther King supported non-violent relationships between people, which were to be based on love to God and neighbors. Mahatma Gandhi became his favorite teacher. â€Å"Letters from a Birmingham Jail† proved to be a powerful means of gaining human rights for hundreds of thousands of the African Americans. Non-violent actions, as well as ideas of Christian love and brotherhood, have transformed the American society, making it more humane and democratic. In 1963, Martin Luther King was imprisoned in the Birmingham jail for the non-violent demonstration against racism in Birmingham. There, King wrote his immortal â€Å"Letters from a Birmingham Jail,† which made him one of the prominent American politicians. Martin Luther King addressed eight white clergymen for support of the peaceful demonstrations, which in their eyes were â€Å"not peaceful, ethical, or moral solution to the racial problem† (Bass, 2001, p. 25). On the one hand, the clergymen desired peace and harmony in the city, and on the other hand, they did not want to solve any racial problem at all, stating that the African Americans should not raise these questions because it was too early at that time. Martin Luther King understood the strength of the Christian teaching in such disputes. Therefore, he provided examples from the Bible, lives of famous ancient philosophers, and some historical events in order to prove his rightness. As a matter of fact, he put his opponents in a situation, in which they could do nothing but recognize his rightness. Otherwise, they would consider Jesus Christ a criminal. Of course, nobody could make such a conclusion. Moreover, this letter was published in newspapers and magazines and appeared in other mass media. At the same time, Martin Luther King raised a problem of the fair justice in Birmingham. King’s letter disturbed the whole country. It was not a mob of several hundreds of African Americans, once inspired by Malcolm X, but a multimillion population of the United States. Moreover, Martin Luther King considered African Americans an integral part of the American nation, without which the United States would have been a sweet dream of the European colonists. Martin Luther King’s examples and philosophical reasoning of the demonstration were the most convenient evidence of his rightness. As a matter of fact, nobody could charge him with any crime. Contrary, Martin Luther King defended his civil rights and civil rights of all the African Americans, which were violated by the white racists. â€Å"Port Huron Statement† A famous American political activist, director of the Peace and Justice Resource Center, Tom Hayden, wrote SDS’s manifesto. As Tom Hayden (2005) states, â€Å"The Port Huron Statement called for a coalescing of social movements: civil rights, peace, labor, liberals, and students† (p. 14). He supports the leftist movements in creating a radically new democracy in the United States. In fact, Hayden supported the Communists. He became a human rights activist, who organized a powerful anti-war movement in order to withdraw the American troops from Vietnam. His famous work â€Å"Port Huron Statement† was aimed at the improvement of the students’ self-government; it changed the political climate in the United States by rejecting bureaucracy. Non-violent actions have improved democracy in the United States by changing relations between officials and common people. At the same time, the Communist ideas posed a real threat to the whole American civic society becaus e it leads to a totalitarian political regime. Tom Hayden and other fifty-eight radical activists wrote the â€Å"Port Huron Statement† in 1962. At that time, a progressive student movement SDS, Students for a Democratic Society, conducted their actions in order to establish more democratic relations between officials and the society. In the manifesto of the movement, the authors define problems in the country and explain their radical viewpoints, which aim to improve democracy for the sake of the future. At the same time, the authors stated that employing the leftist and Communist viewpoints on internationalism in the American policy could solve the interracial issues in the country. On the other hand, they opposed bureaucracy, stating that it was the main reason for all problems, which the American graduate students faced in their life after finishing their education. Thus, the so-called New Left Movement could protect the students’ human rights opposing racism and the Cold War. Of course, the leftist policy under mined traditional American individualism and certain freedoms of a person. Improving democracy in a student community within an educational establishment was not the same to changing the whole society, as the activists had imagined. The excessive focus on the Communist principles would cause a natural sequence of abolishing the private property, and it would change the whole political system of the United States. The improvement of relations with the Soviet Union in the Cold War would be possible only under the Soviet conditions; consequently, it would mean the defeat of the whole international policy of the United States. â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† A famous African American leader, Malcolm X, had a quite different viewpoint on the further development of the Civil Rights Movement. As Foner (2011) states, the man was against the idea of non-violent resistance. He considered the Black Nationalism the only opportunity for the liberation of the African Americans. Malcolm X stated, â€Å"Christianity as a religion designed for slaves and the Negro clergy as the curse of the black man, exploiting him for their own purposes† (as cited in X Haley, 1992, p. xii). In his work â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† Malcolm X appealed to the African Americans to unite around the idea of liberating their communities from the whites irrespective of their religious or political views. Malcolm X did not distinguish capitalism from socialism, but he proclaimed the superiority of his race over the whites. It made him a weak politician. In 1964, Malcolm X wrote his work â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† for a speech to be delivered at a Methodist Church of the African American community in Cleveland, Ohio. Being a Muslim, Malcolm X called for the African Americans to defend their rights on running their communities. He wanted to develop the Black Nationalism as the major policy of the Human Rights Movement. At the same time, he rejected any non-violent actions as the whites severely humiliated the African Americans. Thus, he supported racial segregation stating the African race to be supreme over the European one. In his speech â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† Malcolm X (1964) states that the African Americans had to unite in a political bloc while the whites would be divided â€Å"to determine whos going to sit in the White House and whos going to be in the dog house† (X p. 76). Although Malcolm X blamed officials for the degradation of the African American communities, he hoped that fair electio ns would change the situation. At the same time, the activist expected the Government to pass the civil rights acts that would improve the situation. Otherwise, the African Americans had to take weapons for the defense of their rights. Malcolm X’s nationalist policy helped create the African American national communities, develop their culture, educational establishments, enforce ties with the African peoples and countries, and attract attention to the racial problem in the American society. At the same time, he strongly opposed the non-violent struggle and did not understand the difference between political parties. All these issues made him a weaker politician. In 1918, the wide-known American Creed determined that the United States authorities had been established to serve the needs of the whole American nation. The three literary works of SDS leader Tom Hayden, Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King, and the Black Nationalist leader Malcolm X demonstrate how they appealed to the authorities on behalf of their communities with the aim to solve various political problems. They proved the necessity to make decisions for establishing more democratic relations between authorities and their communities. Thus, Tom Hayden and Martin Luther King gained certain success in solving racial and bureaucratic problems, and Malcolm X persuaded the African Americans to unite in their struggle. At the same time, only non-violent political actions can gain success in the country. Any propaganda of armed conflicts and riots leads to terrorism; therefore, it will be considered hostile to the whole nation. As a matter of fact, each political party represents on ly a small part of the society, which does not have any right to kill people for their opposite political views. Only a dialog with authorities can solve all the problems present in the society. Therefore, Martin Luther King remains the most powerful political leader among those three. His work changed the whole opinion of the society and created conditions for a further dialog with the authorities. American Multiculturalism African Americans initiated the Civil Rights Movement, which became a crucial point in the development of the civic society in the first successful republic in the world, which had rich democratic traditions. African Americans enriched American democracy, which made the United States the most powerful country in the world at the end of the twentieth century. It is difficult to overestimate the significance of the African American community as an integral part of the American nation in the past and present times. Moreover, such great intellectuals and political leaders as W. E. B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, and Malcolm X made a sufficient contribution to the further development of the real democratic society in the United States. They aimed to turn the country into the world’s leader of the wealthy and happy people, human rights, and liberty. American multiculturalism became a powerful solution to all the problems of inequality, which existed in the society. W. E. B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, and Malcolm X were the true leaders of the African American society, who determined the further development of its democracy. They exercised different religions, and W. E. B. Du Bois even was an atheist, but they were united by love to their society and strived to improve the African Americans’ life in the United States. W. E. B. Du Bois occupied a special place in the hierarchy of the most prominent fighters for the human rights. He was the first African American, who earned a doctorate from the Harvard University. In 1909, W. E. B. Du Bois found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which was one of the most significant organizations in protecting the human rights of all people of the non-European race. He considered African Americans an integral part of the American nation and thought that multiculturalism was the most prominent solution for the further development of the American society. James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, and Malcolm X were sons of the Christian preachers, but only Martin Luther King preserved his parents’ faith becoming a Christian clergyman. Of course, Martin Luther King backed multiculturalism of W. E. B. Du Bois. Both leaders supported the idea of developing various cultural traditions in the United States as the parts of a single national American culture. They opposed racial segregation of Malcolm X, who considered African Americans a different nation, which had to exist separately from the whites. Therefore, Martin Luther King criticized Malcolm X for that position. The activist could not support the Communists, but they shared his non-violent actions against racial discrimination. Moreover, he did not approve atheism of W. E. B. Du Bois, who welcomed the ideologies of the Socialists and Communists. Malcolm X was a leader of the Black Nationalists, who denied multiculturalism as a hostile social movement. He hated the whites because he considered that they only committed crimes, humiliated, and killed African Americans, and spread sins like devils. As Malcolm X stated, he â€Å"refused to see the impossibility of the white man conceding secession from the United States; at this stage in his career he contended it was the only solution† (X Haley, 1992, p. xii). He believed that the African Americans could develop own culture, community, science, and economy with the separation from the United States. At the same time, Malcolm X could not distinguish socialism from capitalism, and when he was asked to tell his opinion about socialism, he wanted to know whether it will bring any benefit to the African Americans. He claimed that the African Americans should return to any independent African country, and this idea was supported by many of his adepts. In the result, many Afric ans left the United States for Africa with the help of some special funds, established for this purpose. At the same time, Malcolm X improved the cultural, educational, and political development of the African Americans. Of course, he made many mistakes in the struggle against the white racism, and he recognized it. In the course of time, Malcolm X could have come close to Martin Luther King if they both had not been killed. James Baldwin began his career as a Christian priest but converted to Islam. He was a famous American author, who cooperated with many newspapers. James Baldwin was a real pattern of how an African American’s literary activity became a part of the National culture. He gained worldwide recognition for his works The Fire Next Time, No Name in the Street, and The Devil Finds Work. James Baldwin shared the views of both Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. He understood the whole racial problem of the American society and also supported the sexual minority movement for its human rights. James Baldwin had influenced Martin Luther King for some time, but finally, King refused to maintain relations with Baldwin. Of course, James Baldwin claimed multiculturalism to be a major means of solving racial problems, but he appreciated Malcolm X in the establishment and development of the native African American traditions and customs. American multiculturalism could exist only with the activities of such political leaders as W. E. B. Du Bois, who had developed this theory, Martin Luther King, who had proved that African Americans were an integral part of the American nation, and James Baldwin, whose literary works became a part of the American National culture. Malcolm X rejected multiculturalism but encouraged the development of the native African American culture, which took its significant place in the whole multicultural life of the United States. Therefore, all of them made their great contribution to the development of the American civil society in spite of their different political views, religions, and beliefs in the future life of the African American society.

Corporate governance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Corporate governance - Coursework Example Cadbury Report highlights the role of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The Chairman must not be allowed to become CEO and the same is applicable to the vice versa at the same. The Chairman is primarily responsible for the board’s working, and for its membership balance subject to board and approval of shareholders (ecgi, web). The Greenbury report focuses on the directors’ remuneration (icaew). The fundamental aim of this report is to identify good practice in identifying and determining directors’ remuneration; besides reporting a code of practice for UK PLCs. The Hampel report was designed to review the Cadbury report on corporate governance. Basically, this report enumerates all the elements discussed in the Cadbury report; this report talks about the role of directors and shareholders, directors’ remuneration, accountability and audit (ecgi, web). The Turnbull report talks about the internal controls. As the internal controls are the significant e lements of the corporate governance, the Turnbull report describes the significance and elements of a sound system of internal control (portal. survey, web). The Higgs Review puts light on the role of non-executive directors (national archieves, web). In this report, besides considerably stipulating the significance of the role of non-executive directors, the much emphasis is also placed on the effective role of non-executive directors. 2- Discuss the difference between the principles –based approach and the rules-based approach and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each for the practice of corporate governance. Answer The principles-based approach is applied in UK; on the other hand, the rules-based approach is applied in United States of America. The principles-based approach is based on the concept of â€Å"comply or explain approach.† Under this approach, a company is either to comply with the requirements mentioned in the framework or to explain a deci sion of non-compliance. On the other hand, a US corporation cannot avail this option; it has to comply with the requirements of the framework issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The principles-based approach is mostly driven by the market forces. As a result, if a company wants to avoid complying with the corporate governance Codes, and additionally if the company has valid reason to do so, this can increase the chances for more investment, which will generate more employment opportunities. The disadvantage of this approach is that if the UK government or a regulatory authority wants to enforce certain corporate practices, it may not be easy for them to do so. The major of advantage of rules-based approach is that a company will find it difficult to circumvent the unpleasant rules. As a result, this approach considerably reduces the chances of mal-corporate practices. In addition, investors knowing corporate governance structure of a company; would not avoid investing further into the company as their confidence level has considerably improved after the implementation of the rules-based approach. However, some disadvantages cannot be avoided. The rules-based approach are mandatory to be followed, some companies may avoid investing in the United States of America as there are inflexible corporate rules. In addition, existing companies may disinvest due to the presence of such rigid rules. 3-What is board effectiveness? Discuss how this can be achieved for UK firms. Use